Crispus Attucks York was founded by Dr. George Bowles, Rev. David Orr, and Rev. Thomas Montouth to meet the social and educational needs of African Americans in York City who would not be served elsewhere.
About
Our Story: A Legacy of Empowerment and Community Transformation
The Crispus Attucks
York History & Culture Center
The Crispus Attucks York History & Culture Center draws its name from Crispus Attucks, an African American man who escaped slavery and became a pivotal figure in American history. His courage and leadership inspire our ongoing mission to empower individuals and uplift our community, embracing the values of equity and inclusion.
Founded in 1931
Founded in 1931 by Dr. George Bowles, Rev. David Orr, and Rev. Thomas Montouth; Crispus Attucks York was created to address the social and educational needs of African Americans in York City, at a time when they were often excluded from essential services. Through decades of racial tensions, including the 1969 York Race Riots, our organization remained steadfast, providing a safe haven and essential services to the community. As York grew, so did we—outgrowing our facilities and expanding our reach to meet the challenges of the times. In the 1980s and 1990s, we focused on youth development, education, and job training, creating programs like the Youth Against Drugs initiative and establishing the Crispus Attucks Charter School, which offered alternative pathways for students who struggle in a public-school setting.
Over the Years
Over the years, Crispus Attucks York has continued to lead by example, addressing critical needs in our community. From creating affordable housing and early childhood learning center to opening the Goodridge Freedom Center & Underground Railroad Museum in 2016, we honor York’s rich cultural history while building a brighter future. With a commitment to diversity, empowerment, and progress, we continue to evolve and serve as a beacon of hope and change in York City.
Orgins of the HCC
The Crispus Attucks York History & Culture Center (HCC) was born from the vision of community leader Bobby Simpson with a mission to create a living history center that reflects both the struggles and triumphs of York’s Black community. Unlike a traditional museum, the CAY HCC is dedicated to telling hard truths, offering inspiration, and fostering reflection on the past, present, and future as we work toward a more just and equitable society.
The CAY HCC serves as the first space in York devoted to preserving and sharing the full story of the county’s African American community. Through the lens of resilience in the face of adversity, discrimination, and violence, the center celebrates the rich legacy and vibrant culture that have shaped the community and continue to thrive today.
Crispus Attucks York History & Culture Center Historical Timeline
1931
1944
Crispus Attucks York outgrows its building and moves to an old church at 44 East Maple Street.
1968-1969
Racial tensions in the community explode, resulting in the York Race Riots. The Mayor declares a state of emergency, and the PA National Guard is brought in to restore order.
1971-1979
Crispus Attucks York experiences the turnover of 7 executive directors, who did not want to live in the city due to its dangers.
1979
Crispus Attucks York Board Members, Dan Elby and Ray Crenshaw, ask Bobby Simpson to serve as interim executive director. Mr. Simpson agrees and brings stability to Crispus Attucks York for the next 40 years, developing programs to address the root issues in York City.
